Profiling Atlantic salmon B cell populations: CpG-mediated TLR-ligation enhances IgM secretion and modulates immune gene expression

Abstract While TLR-activated pathways are Printer Stand key regulators of B cell responses in mammals, their impact on teleost B cells are scarcely addressed.Here, the potential of Atlantic salmon B cells to respond to TLR ligands was shown by demonstrating a constitutive expression of nucleic-acid sensing TLRs in magnetic sorted IgM+ cells.Of the

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Mechanisms regulating the CRISPR-Cas systems

The CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats- CRISPR associated proteins) is a prokaryotic system that enables sequence specific recognition and cleavage of nucleic acids.This is possible due to cooperation between CRISPR ornament array which contains short fragments of DNA called spacers that are complimentary to the t

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Growth, exclusion and vulnerability: evaluation of the socio-spatial transformation of post-apartheid Pretoria-Tshwane (South Africa)

Apartheid left South African city regions with two major challenges: social integration at a city level and spatial integration at a regional level.The task to finds solutions to these problems was left to municipalities, the lowest level of the three trier government system introduced after 1994.This article 4.45/4CRV critically evaluates the succ

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PROTECTION ORDER VERSUS (?) PARENTAL AUTHORITY

Parental authority includes in its scope important decisions related to minors, as identified by Article 36 of Law no.272/2004 (form of education and professional training, complex medical treatments and surgery, residence of the child or administration of property), which are by consequence to be taken only by Sparklers agreement of both parents.I

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